Thursday, October 24, 2019

Autumn 2019 Peak_High Knob Massif

23 October 2019
Autumn 2019 Peak Color
Flag Rock Recreation Area of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Autumn color was in peak at elevations between 2800-3800 feet, as of 23 October, with an array of gorgeous color. 

The peak is yet to arrive at elevations below 2800 feet to contrast with past peak conditions above 3800 feet, along highest ridges, where many trees are bare or becoming bare.

23 October 2019
Gorgeous Pickem Mountain of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Autumn color is consistently good to great every year along mesic northern slopes of the High Knob Massif, with a featured corridor stretching from the City of Norton southwest along old U.S. 23 to the 
Big Stone Gap, where jagged cliffs break the forest canopy and add rugged beauty to autumnal scenes.  This outstanding color corridor extends onward to Keokee Lake in Lee County and to Cumberland 
Gap National Historical Park (especially its northern slopes)

The above is speaking generally, of course, with some high valleys above 3000 feet in the High Knob Massif also past peak where air temperatures have already been in the 20s prior to this week.

23 October 2019
Benges Branch Gorge of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Many northern species added to a mixed-mesophytic forest type enhances this color spectrum, with micro-climates embedded in complex, three-dimensional terrain being the foundation upon which this truly glorious autumn show is produced.

23 October 2019
Benges Branch Gorge of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Given recent short-term drought conditions, there was some concern about how this autumn color season would behave.

Following a very wet year, September 2019 was the driest month ever observed at Big Cherry Lake Dam with only 0.63" of rain.

Ditto for the City of Norton with 0.65" of rainfall, and 
for the Town of Clintwood where just 0.24" of rain fell.

Monthly Total Precipitation
Big Cherry Lake Dam
(Elevation 3139 feet)

January
6.14"

February
12.50"

March
5.93"

April
6.64"

May
6.75"

June
10.68"

July
10.77"

August
4.15"

September
0.63"

October 1-27
4.04"

Summer 2019
(Jun 1-Aug 31)
25.60"

*2019 Total: 68.23" (M)
 (January 1 to October 27 Period)

(M): Some missing moisture in undercatch and frozen precipitation, with partial corrections applied for the 24.4 meter (80 feet) tall dam structure where rain gauges are located.

23 October 2019
Benges Branch Basin
Upper Norton Reservoir of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

The only missing ingredient at the Upper Reservoir this year was the high quality water reflections that come with a full lake, which has been drawn down for water usage as the main supply for the City of Norton.

23 October 2019
Benges Branch Basin
Upper Norton Reservoir of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

23 October 2019
Benges Branch Basin
Upper Norton Reservoir of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

23 October 2019
View From Eagle Knob of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

A dry, low dewpoint atmosphere, generated great visibility with the Black Mountains in western North Carolina, and Mount Mitchell, visible along the far 
(left) horizon beyond the Tennessee Valley.

23 October 2019
Looking Across High Knob Lake Basin
View From Eagle Knob Toward Mt. Mitchell
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

23 October 2019
Roan Mountain On Distant Horizon
Looking From High Knob Lookout Tower
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

23 October 2019
Looking Southeast Across High Knob Massif
Mount Rogers-Whitetop Mountain On Left Horizon
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

22 October 2019
Adam Childress Farm
Base of Pine Mountain Near Sunset
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

A setting sun made Pine Mountain appear to have 
more color than was actually present late on 22 October, however, this created picturesque scenes along Route 611 in northern Dickenson County of far southwestern Virginia (beneath crystal clear skies).

22 October 2019
Adam Childress Farm
Base of Pine Mountain Near Sunset
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

22 October 2019
Adam Childress Farm
Base of Pine Mountain Near Sunset
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Early Autumn 2019_High Knob Massif


High Knob Naturalist Rally 2019
September 28, 2019

17 September 2019
Devil Fork Gorge of High Knob Massif
Majestic Green Color of Devil's Bathtub
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

17 September 2019
Devil Fork Gorge of High Knob Massif
Lynda Hubbard At The Devil's Bathtub
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Following a very wet year, September 2019 is on pace 
to become the driest on record with only 0.22" of rain at Big Cherry Dam during September 1-17.

17 September 2019
Upper Tennessee River Basin
Devil Fork Gorge of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Monthly Total Precipitation
Big Cherry Lake Dam
(Elevation 3139 feet)

January
6.14"

February
12.50"

March
5.93"

April
6.64"

May
6.75"

June
10.68"

July
10.77"

August
4.15"

September 1-17
0.22"

Summer 2019
(Jun 1-Aug 31)
25.60"

*2019 Total: 63.78" (M)
 (January 1 to September 17 Period)

(M): Some missing moisture in undercatch and frozen precipitation, with partial corrections applied for the 24.4 meter (80 feet) tall dam structure where rain gauges are located.

17 September 2019
Devil Fork Gorge of High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

17 September 2019
Devil Fork Gorge of High Knob Massif
Lynda Hubbard & Shelia Mullins_Devil's Bathtub
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

17 September 2019
Autumn Color In Straight Fork Gorge
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

17 September 2019
Looking Toward Big Cherry Basin
Autumn Color In Straight Fork Gorge
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved


High Knob Lake
Elevation 1074 Meters ( 3523 feet )

September 1-17 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 76.1 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 56.3 degrees
MEAN: 66.2 degrees
Highest Temperature: 82 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 53 degrees

*University Of Virginia's College At Wise Research Station,
National Weather Service calibrated temperature sensor,
( Data Period: November 19, 2016 to Present ).

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Late Summer 2019_High Knob Massif

August 16, 2019
High Knob Massif
Looking Across Head of Big Cherry Lake Basin
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

August 16, 2019
High Knob Massif
Looking Down Middle of Big Cherry Lake Basin
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Downpours of rains in mid-August have broken a stretch of mostly dry conditions during the first half of August 2019, in radical contrast to the wetness of June-July.

Monthly Total Precipitation
Big Cherry Lake Dam
(Elevation 3139 feet)

January
6.14"

February
12.50"

March
5.93"

April
6.64"

May
6.75"

June
10.68"

July
10.77"

August
4.15"

Summer 2019
(Jun 1-Aug 31)
25.60"

*2019 Total: 63.56" (M)
 (January 1 to August 31 Period)

12-Month Total: 91.20" (M)

(M): Some missing moisture in undercatch and frozen precipitation, with partial corrections applied for the 24.4 meter (80 feet) tall dam structure where rain gauges are located.

August 16, 2019
High Knob Massif
Looking Across High Knob Lake Basin
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Temperatures_Summer 2019

Abundant summer rainfall and clouds have kept air temperatures significantly cooler in the high country of the High Knob Massif, with latent heat fluxes related to the evapotranspiration of water ruling the surface energy budget.  A review of mesonet data from the University Of Virginia's College At Wise Undergraduate Research Program illustrates this very well.

High Knob Lake
Elevation 1074 Meters ( 3523 feet )

June 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 68.4 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 54.3 degrees
MEAN: 61.4 degrees
Highest Temperature: 78 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 39 degrees

July 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 73.2 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 59.7 degrees
MEAN: 66.4 degrees
Highest Temperature: 79 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 49 degrees

August 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 73.2 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 57.6 degrees
MEAN: 65.4 degrees
Highest Temperature: 79 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 49 degrees

*University Of Virginia's College At Wise Research Station,
National Weather Service calibrated temperature sensor,
( Data Period: November 19, 2016 to Present ).

Summer 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 71.6 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 57.2 degrees
MEAN: 64.4 degrees
Highest Temperature: 79 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 39 degrees

August 20, 2019
Towering Cumulus Above High Knob Massif
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Eagle Knob Peak
Elevation 1276 Meters ( 4188 feet )

June 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 65.6 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 55.1 degrees
MEAN: 60.4 degrees
Highest Temperature: 74 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 43 degrees

July 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 70.3 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 61.4 degrees
MEAN: 65.8 degrees
Highest Temperature: 76 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 51 degrees

August 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 70.0 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 59.9 degrees
MEAN: 65.0 degrees
Highest Temperature: 77 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 51 degrees

*University Of Virginia's College At Wise Research Station,
National Weather Service calibrated temperature sensor,
( Data Period: November 12, 2016 to Present ).

Summer 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 68.6 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 58.8 degrees
MEAN: 63.7 degrees
Highest Temperature: 77 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 43 degrees

In the head of Big Cherry Lake wetland valleys, 
the highest summer temperatures have reached 
upper 70s to lower 80s.

August 20, 2019
High Knob Massif
Towering Cumulus Above Pickem Mountain
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

Head Big Cherry Valley
Elevation 990 Meters ( 3248 feet )

June 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 67.5 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 53.7 degrees
MEAN: 60.6 degrees
Highest Temperature: 77 degrees
**Lowest Temperature: 39 degrees
(**Lower-middle 30s in colder portions of wetland valleys)

July 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 72.0 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 58.5 degrees
MEAN: 65.2 degrees
Highest Temperature: 78 degrees
**Lowest Temperature: 47 degrees
(**Lower 40s in colder portions of wetland valleys)

August 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 72.0 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 56.5 degrees
MEAN: 64.2 degrees
Highest Temperature: 79 degrees
**Lowest Temperature: 48 degrees
(**Lower-middle 40s in colder portions of wetland valleys)

*University Of Virginia's College At Wise Research Station,
National Weather Service calibrated temperature sensor,
( Data Period: November 11, 2016 to Present ).

Summer 2019
Average Daily Maximum: 70.5 degrees
Average Daily Minimum: 56.2 degrees
MEAN: 63.4 degrees
Highest Temperature: 79 degrees
Lowest Temperature: 39 degrees


UVA-Wise
Undergraduate Field Studies
First Field Trip of Autumn 2019 Semester

31 August 2019
Flag Rock Green Salamander Sanctuary
Green Salamander (Aneides aeneus)
Photograph by Rachel Guevara - © All Rights Reserved

It took less than 5-minutes to find two 
Green Salamanders for illustration purposes.

31 August 2019
Flag Rock Green Salamander Sanctuary
Saddleback Caterpillar (Acharia stimulea)
Photograph by Rachel Guevara - © All Rights Reserved

This is a Saddleback Caterpillar (Acharia stimulea), with stimulea being a very appropriate species name as you will certainly be stimulated if touching this little fellow.

31 August 2019
Pickem Mountain of High Knob Massif
Early Signs of Autumn From Flag Rock RA
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved

The first hints of autumn are beginning to show in the high country, above 3000 feet, despite a continuation of summery weather (nights have been cooler).

31 August 2019
Beautiful Light From High Knob Lookout
Photograph by Wayne Browning - © All Rights Reserved